Helena Ray, a member of the Harbrace Health Plan, suffers from migraine headaches. To treat Ms. Ray's condition, her physician has prescribed Upzil, a medication that has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval only for the treatment of depression. Upzil has not been tested for safety or effectiveness in the treatment of migraine headache. Although Harbrace's medical policy for migraine headache does not include coverage of Upzil, Harbrace has agreed to provide extra-contractual coverage of Upzil for Ms. Ray.

The following statement(s) can correctly be made about Harbrace's use of extra-contractual coverage:

1. Harbrace's medical policy most likely establishes the procedure that Harbrace used to evaluate the value of Upzil for treating Ms. Ray

2. One way for Harbrace to reduce the risk associated with extra-contractual coverage is by including an alternative care provision in its contracts with purchasers